Profil Demografi dan Klinis Pasien Dermatitis Atopik: Studi Deskriptif di Indonesia

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that frequently presents in childhood and may persist into adulthood. Globally, AD affects up to 20% of children and approximately 10% of adults, representing a major contributor to the global disability burden of skin diseases. This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of AD patients, including age and sex distribution, history of allergen/irritant exposure, infections, disease duration, and lesion distribution. A descriptive study was conducted using medical record review and direct anamnesis from patients clinically diagnosed with AD by dermatology, venereology, and aesthetic specialists, based on the Hanifin and Rajka criteria. Data were analyzed descriptively. The study included patients aged 0–65 years, with the largest group being infants to early adolescents (0–16 years; 43.67%). The sex distribution was nearly balanced. Only 4.5% reported a history of specific allergen/irritant contact. Concurrent infections were present in 12.7% of patients (predominantly dental/gum infections), while 87.3% had no co-infections. Most patients (89.1%) experienced symptoms for more than four weeks. The most common lesion sites were the lower limbs (20.7%), upper limbs (14.9%), and flexural areas (antecubital: 9.4%, popliteal: 6.3%, neck: 5.4%). AD patients exhibited a broad age range with a significant proportion in the infant-to-early adolescent group, predominance of lesions in the extremities and flexural regions, and a chronic disease course. These findings highlight the need for long-term management strategies and comprehensive care for AD patients across all age groups, including adults and the elderly